In October 2019, the American Psychological Association (APA) introduced the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual, which replaces the 6th edition published in 2009.

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Examples for References and in-text citations in APA Style

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1. The publisher location is no longer included in the reference.

• Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

• Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. Simon & Schuster.

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2. The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is now shortened right from the first citation. You only include the first author’s name and “et al.”.

• (Taylor, Kotler, Johnson, & Parker, 2018)

• (Taylor et al., 2018)

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3. Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) should be provided in the reference entry.

• Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., . . . Lee, L. H. (2018).

• Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Nelson, T. P., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., . . . Lee, L. H. (2018).

4. DOIs are formatted the same as URLs. The label “DOI:” is no longer necessary.

• doi: 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449

• https://doi.org/10.1080/​02626667.2018.1560449

5. URLs are no longer preceded by “Retrieved from,” unless a retrieval date is needed. The website name is included (unless it’s the same as the author).

• Streefkerk, R. (2019, October 11). APA 7th edition: The most notable changes [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-changes/

• Streefkerk, R. (2019, October 11). APA 7th edition: The most notable changes. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-changes/